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Bearings

  • Dismounting Of Bearing

    place bolts in the push-out holes in the housing at several locations on its circumference as shown in Fig.10, and remove the outer ring by uniformly tightening the bolts. These bolt holes should always be fitted with blank plugs when not being used for dismounting. In the case of separable bearings, such as tapered roller bearings, some notches should be made at several positions in the housing shoulder, as shown in Fig. 11, so the outer ring may be pressed out using a dismounting tool or by tapping it.

    Dismounting of Outer Rings

    Dismounting of Bearings with Cylindrical Bores

    If the mounting design allows space to press out the inner ring, this is an easy and fast method. In this case, the withdrawal force should be imposed only on the inner ring (Fig. 12). Withdrawal tools like those shown in Figs. 13 and 14 are often used.

    Dismounting of Bearings with Cylindrical Bores

    In both cases, the claws of the tools must substantially engage the face of the inner ring; therefore, it is advisable to consider the size of the shaft shoulder or to cut grooves in the shoulder to accommodate the withdrawal tools (Fig. 14).

    The oil injection method is usually used for the withdrawal of large bearings. The withdrawal is achieved easily by mean of oil pressure applied through holes in the shaft. In the case of extra wide bearings, the oil injection method is used together with a withdrawal tool.

    Induction heating is used to remove the inner rings of NU and NJ types of cylindrical roller bearings. The inner rings are expanded by brief local heating, and then withdrawn (Fig. 15). Induction heating is also used to mount several bearings of these types on a shaft.

    Dismounting of Bearings with Tapered Bores

    When dismounting relatively small bearings with adapters, the inner ring is held by a stop fastened to the shaft and the nut is loosened several turns. This is followed by hammering on the sleeve using a suitable tool as shown in Fig. 18. Fig. 16 shows one procedure for dismounting a withdrawal sleeve by tightening the removal nut. If this procedure is difficult, it may be possible to drill and tap bolt holes in the nut and withdraw the sleeve by tightening the bolts as shown in Fig. 17.

    Large bearings may be withdrawn easily using oil pressure. Fig. 19 illustrates the removal of a bearing by forcing oil under pressure through a hole and groove in a tapered shaft to expand the inner ring. The bearing may suddenly move axially when the interference is relieved during this procedure so a stop nut is recommended for protection. Fig. 20 shows a withdrawal using a hydraulic nut.

    Dismounting of Bearings with Tapered Bores
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  • Operation Inspection Of Bearing

    After the mounting has been completed, a running test should be conducted to determine if the bearing has been mounted correctly. Small machines may be manually operated to assure that they rotate smoothly. Items to be checked include sticking due to foreign matter or visible flaws, uneven torque caused by improper mounting or an improper mounting surface, and excessive torque caused by an inadequate clearance, mounting error, or seal friction. If there are no abnormalities, powered operation may be started.

    Large machines, which cannot be turned by hand, can be started after examination with no load, and the power immediately cutoff and the machine allowed to coast to a stop. Confirm that there is no abnormality such as vibration, noise, contact of rotating parts, etc.
    Powered operation should be started slowly without load and the operation should be observed carefully until it is determined that no abnormalities exist, then gradually increase the speed, load, etc. to their normal levels. Items to be checked during the test operation include the existence of abnormal noise, excessive rise of bearing temperature, leakage and contamination of lubricants, etc. If any abnormality is found during the test operation, it must be stopped immediately and the machine should be inspected. If necessary, the bearing should be dismounted for examination.

    Although the bearing temperature can generally be estimated by the temperature of the outside surface of the housing, it is more desirable to directly measure the temperature of the outer ring using oil holes for access.

    The bearing temperature should rise gradually to the steady state level within one to two hours after the operation starts. If the bearing or its mounting is improper, the bearing temperature may increase rapidly and become abnormally high. The cause of this abnormal temperature may be an excessive amount of lubricant, insufficient bearing clearance, incorrect mounting, or excessive friction of the seals.

    In the case of high speed operation, an incorrect selection of bearing type or lubricating method may also cause an abnormal temperature rise.

    The sound of a bearing may be checked with a noise locater or other instruments. Abnormal conditions are indicated by a loud metallic sound, or other irregular noise, and the possible cause may include incorrect lubrication, poor alignment of the shaft and housing, or the entry of foreign matter into the bearing. The possible causes and countermeasures for irregularities are listed in Table 2.
    Operation Inspection for bearing

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  • Precautions for Proper Handling of Bearings

    Since rolling bearings are high precision machine parts, they must be handled accordingly. Even if high quality bearings are used, their expected performance cannot be achieved if they are not handled properly.
    The main precautions to be observed are as follows:

    1. Keep Bearings and Surrounding Area Clean
    Dust and dirt, even if invisible to the naked eye, have harmful effects on bearings. It is necessary to prevent the entry of dust and dirt by keeping the bearings and their environment as clean as possible.

    2. Careful Handling
    Heavy shocks during handling may cause bearings to be scratched or otherwise damaged possibly resulting in their failure. Excessively strong impacts may cause brinelling, breaking, or cracking.

    3. Use Proper Tools
    Always use the proper equipment when handling bearings and avoid general purpose tools.

    4. Prevent CorrosionSince perspiration on the hands and various other contaminants may cause corrosion, keep the hands clean when handling bearings. Wear gloves if possible. Pay attention to rust of bearing caused by corrosive gasses.
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